diff --git a/canaille/__init__.py b/canaille/__init__.py
index 476037a8..132e4744 100644
--- a/canaille/__init__.py
+++ b/canaille/__init__.py
@@ -128,8 +128,6 @@ def create_app(config=None, validate=True, backend=None):
     try:
         setup_logging(app)
         backend = setup_backend(app, backend)
-        if app.debug:
-            backend.install(app.config, True)
         setup_flask_converters(app)
         setup_blueprints(app)
         setup_jinja(app)
diff --git a/canaille/app/installation.py b/canaille/app/installation.py
index e0f8fb69..e2879f49 100644
--- a/canaille/app/installation.py
+++ b/canaille/app/installation.py
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ class InstallationException(Exception):
 
 def install(config, debug=False):
     install_oidc(config, debug=debug)
-    BaseBackend.get().install(config, debug=debug)
+    BaseBackend.get().install(config)
diff --git a/canaille/backends/__init__.py b/canaille/backends/__init__.py
index 29f5d330..3301816b 100644
--- a/canaille/backends/__init__.py
+++ b/canaille/backends/__init__.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class BaseBackend:
         self.teardown()
 
     @classmethod
-    def install(self, config, debug=False):
+    def install(self, config):
         """
         This methods prepares the database to host canaille data.
         """
diff --git a/canaille/backends/ldap/backend.py b/canaille/backends/ldap/backend.py
index ec649f47..ea840172 100644
--- a/canaille/backends/ldap/backend.py
+++ b/canaille/backends/ldap/backend.py
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class Backend(BaseBackend):
         setup_ldap_models(config)
 
     @classmethod
-    def install(cls, config, debug=False):
+    def install(cls, config):
         cls.setup_schemas(config)
         with cls(config).session():
             models.Token.install()
diff --git a/canaille/backends/memory/backend.py b/canaille/backends/memory/backend.py
index d8e7f100..5ed1fb9a 100644
--- a/canaille/backends/memory/backend.py
+++ b/canaille/backends/memory/backend.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from canaille.backends import BaseBackend
 
 class Backend(BaseBackend):
     @classmethod
-    def install(cls, config, debug=False):
+    def install(cls, config):
         pass
 
     def setup(self):
diff --git a/canaille/backends/sql/backend.py b/canaille/backends/sql/backend.py
index 4c314da6..23b4d5f4 100644
--- a/canaille/backends/sql/backend.py
+++ b/canaille/backends/sql/backend.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class Backend(BaseBackend):
     db_session = None
 
     @classmethod
-    def install(cls, config, debug=False):  # pragma: no cover
+    def install(cls, config):  # pragma: no cover
         engine = create_engine(
             config["BACKENDS"]["SQL"]["SQL_DATABASE_URI"],
             echo=False,
diff --git a/demo/ldap-server.py b/demo/ldap-server.py
index f1b5ec6c..7bda0dc3 100644
--- a/demo/ldap-server.py
+++ b/demo/ldap-server.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ schemas = [
     "ldif/memberof-config.ldif",
     "ldif/refint-config.ldif",
     "ldif/ppolicy-config.ldif",
+    "../canaille/backends/ldap/schemas/oauth2-openldap.ldif",
 ]
 
 slapd = slapd.Slapd(
@@ -30,35 +31,18 @@ slapd = slapd.Slapd(
 slapd.start()
 
 try:
-    suffix_dc = slapd.suffix.split(",")[0][3:]
-    slapd.ldapadd(
-        "\n".join(
-            [
-                "dn: " + slapd.suffix,
-                "objectClass: dcObject",
-                "objectClass: organization",
-                "dc: " + suffix_dc,
-                "o: " + suffix_dc,
-                "",
-                "dn: " + slapd.root_dn,
-                "objectClass: applicationProcess",
-                "cn: " + slapd.root_cn,
-            ]
-        )
-        + "\n"
-    )
-
+    slapd.init_tree()
     for ldif in (
         "ldif/ppolicy.ldif",
         "ldif/bootstrap-users-tree.ldif",
         "ldif/bootstrap-oidc-tree.ldif",
     ):
-        with open(ldif) as fd:
-            try:
-                slapd.ldapadd(fd.read())
-            except RuntimeError:
-                pass
+        try:
+            slapd.ldapadd(None, ["-f", ldif])
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass
 
+    slapd.logger.info("slapd initialized: all ldif files loaded")
     slapd.wait()
 finally:
     slapd.stop()
diff --git a/tests/backends/ldap/fixtures.py b/tests/backends/ldap/fixtures.py
index 0b057813..105db04a 100644
--- a/tests/backends/ldap/fixtures.py
+++ b/tests/backends/ldap/fixtures.py
@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ def slapd_server():
             "demo/ldif/bootstrap-users-tree.ldif",
             "demo/ldif/bootstrap-oidc-tree.ldif",
         ):
-            with open(ldif) as fd:
-                slapd.ldapadd(fd.read())
+            slapd.ldapadd(None, ["-f", ldif])
         yield slapd
     finally:
         slapd.stop()
diff --git a/tests/backends/ldap/test_install.py b/tests/backends/ldap/test_install.py
index e14e7701..90afeb70 100644
--- a/tests/backends/ldap/test_install.py
+++ b/tests/backends/ldap/test_install.py
@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@ def slapd_server():
             "demo/ldif/bootstrap-users-tree.ldif",
             "demo/ldif/bootstrap-users.ldif",
         ):
-            with open(ldif) as fd:
-                slapd.ldapadd(fd.read())
+            slapd.ldapadd(None, ["-f", ldif])
 
         yield slapd
     finally:
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 4462c3ed..cf3b1e64 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ def configuration(smtpd):
 @pytest.fixture
 def app(configuration, backend):
     app = create_app(configuration, backend=backend)
+    backend.install(app.config)
     with app.test_request_context():
         yield app